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Berachot (blessings) are made over a plaited candle and a box of sweet spices. The candle is lit because light was the first thing created by God, and hymns are sung. Finally, the candle is extinguished in wine, symbolizing the ending of the holy day. A box of spice is passed round for all to smell, so that the sweet scent of the holy day lingers with them until the following Sabbath.
Green represents agriculture. Red recalls the struggle for independence. Black stands for the Zambian people. Orange symbolizes Zambia's mineral wealth, particularly the major deposits of copper. Effective date: 24 October 1964.
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