Ireland: history 1782 to 1921

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For the history of Ireland before 1603, see Ireland: history to 1154, Ireland: history 1154 to 1485, Ireland: history 1485 to 1603, and Ireland: history 1603 to 1782.

The period 1782–1921 saw a Catholic-Gaelic revival, particularly following the scourge of the potato famine in the mid-19th century, with increasing emancipation, successful agitation to secure tenant rights, and movement to Home Rule. The Protestant northeast, however, united to protect its status and prestige.

The arms show a Bible open at the Gospel of St John, a Trinitarian symbol. The white cross symbolizes faith. The arms appear on national and state flags. Effective date: 14 September 1863. >>