groyne

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Wooden or concrete barrier built at right angles to a beach in order to block the movement of material along the beach by longshore drift. Groynes are usually successful in protecting individual beaches, but because they prevent beach material from passing along the coast they can mean that other beaches, starved of sand and shingle, are in danger of being eroded away by the waves. These areas are down-drift of the groyne. This happened, for example, at Barton-on-Sea in Hampshire, England, in the 1970s, following the construction of a large groyne at Bournemouth.

The flag uses the pan-Arab colours. The design may have been inspired by the pre-1958 Iraqi flag. Effective date: 24 November 1961. >>