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They have been known since the 9th century, when they were nomadic pastoralists and some of them spoke an Ugrian language related to Hungarian. Russian colonization led to several Bashkir uprisings in the 17th and 18th centuries. A Bashkir nationalist government was formed in Orenburg 1917, but joined the Bolsheviks 1919.
Green represents fertility. Yellow stands for sunshine. Black recalls the people's African origins. Red symbolizes the struggle for liberty. Effective date: 19 September 1983.
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