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He studied the coast of North Africa from Tunis to Egypt 184445, travelled in the Middle East 184547, crossed the Sahara from Tripoli 1850, and then spent five years exploring the country between Lake Chad and Cameroon which he described in the five-volume Travels and Discoveries in Central Africa 185758.
Red is said to stand for bloodshed. White represents peace, holiness, and eternity. Effective date: 9 December 1943.
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