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Although associated mainly with small combos, Gillespie formed his first big band in 1945 and toured with a big band in the late 1980s, as well as in the intervening decades; a big band can be heard on Dizzy Gillespie at Newport (1957). His hit singles Groovin' High, Night in Tunisia, Manteca, and Con Alma became jazz standards.
Red is said to stand for bloodshed. White represents peace, holiness, and eternity. Effective date: 9 December 1943.
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