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The sedimentary rocks mudstone and shale become slate under stress. When slate is subjected to higher temperatures and pressure schist is formed. The temperature causes recrystallization of new minerals, such as mica, and the pressure causes the new minerals to be aligned in bands.
Green expresses hope. White symbolizes peace. It is said that the saltire may have been based on the former flag of Belgian airline, Sabena. Red represents the blood shed in the struggle for independence. Effective date: 27 September 1982.
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