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Collins was born in London and qualified as a barrister. In 1848 he wrote a life of his father, the painter William Collins, and in 1850 published his first novel, Antonina. In 1851 he formed a friendship with the novelist Charles Dickens, with whom he collaborated on a number of works, including the play A Message from the Sea (1861).
Orange symbolizes the Sahara Desert. The orange disc represents the sun. Green recalls the country's forests. White stands for the River Niger. Effective date: 23 November 1959.
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