X-ray astronomy

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Detection of X-rays from intensely hot gas in the universe. Such X-rays are prevented from reaching the Earth's surface by the atmosphere, so detectors must be placed in rockets and satellites. The first celestial X-ray source, Scorpius X-1, was discovered by a rocket flight in 1962.

Since 1970, special satellites have been put into orbit to study X-rays from the Sun, stars, and galaxies. These include the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and the Röntgen Satellite. Many X-ray sources are believed to be gas falling into neutron stars and black holes.

Black, green, and yellow are the African National Congress (ANC) colours. Red, white, and blue are the colours of the former Dutch republics. Effective date: 27 April 1994. >>