red giant

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Any large bright star with a cool surface. It is thought to represent a late stage in the evolution of a star like the Sun, as it runs out of hydrogen fuel at its centre and begins to burn heavier elements, such as helium, carbon, and silicon. Because of more complex nuclear reactions that then occur in the red giant's interior, it eventually becomes gravitationally unstable and begins to collapse and heat up. The result is either explosion of the star as a supernova, leaving behind a neutron star, or loss of mass by more gradual means to produce a white dwarf.

Red giants have diameters between 10 and 100 times that of the Sun. They are very bright because they are so large, although their surface temperature is lower than that of the Sun, about 2,000–3,000 K (1,700–2,700°C/3,000–5,000°F). See also red supergiants.

The flag uses the pan-Arab colours. The design may have been inspired by the pre-1958 Iraqi flag. Effective date: 24 November 1961. >>