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Gall
Abnormal outgrowth on a plant that develops as a result of attack by insects or, less commonly, by bacteria, fungi, mites, or nematodes. The attack causes an increase in the number of cells or an enlargement of existing cells in the plant. Gall-forming insects generally pass the early stages of their life inside the gall.
Gall wasps are responsible for the conspicuous bud galls forming on oak trees, 2.5–4 cm/1–1.5 in across, known as ‘oak apples’. The organisms that cause galls are host-specific. Thus, for example, gall wasps tend to parasitize oaks, and sawflies willows.
© Research Machines plc 2008. All rights reserved. Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines plc.
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The prophet Muhammad is said to have used a green banner. Past variants of the flag show two crossed swords. Effective date: 15 March 1973.
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